What are chemically unstable molecules that can cause harm to the body referred to as?

Chemically unstable molecules that can cause harm to the body are referred to as free radicals. These molecules have unpaired electrons, making them highly reactive. They can damage cells, proteins, and DNA by stealing electrons from other molecules, which leads to oxidative stress. This process is associated with various health issues, including aging and chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease.

Free radicals are naturally produced during normal metabolic processes, but factors like pollution, radiation, cigarette smoke, and certain chemicals can increase their levels. The body has defense mechanisms, including antioxidants, which neutralize free radicals and mitigate their harmful effects. However, an excess of free radicals can overwhelm these defenses, making the understanding of their role in health and disease essential to nutrition and food preparation practices.