What term describes materials that can be broken down by bacteria or other living organisms?

The term that describes materials that can be broken down by bacteria or other living organisms is "biodegradable." Biodegradable materials undergo a natural process of decomposition, allowing them to return to the ecosystem without causing harm. This process typically involves microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, that consume and break down the material, converting it into natural substances like water, carbon dioxide, and biomass.

While "compostable" also refers to materials that break down through biological activity, it specifically indicates that these materials can decompose in a composting environment, resulting in nutrient-rich compost. The key point, however, is that not all biodegradable materials are necessarily compostable, as some may require specific conditions to decompose effectively.

On the other hand, "recyclable" pertains to materials that can be processed and re-manufactured into new products, but this does not imply that they are broken down by living organisms. "Decomposable" is often used synonymously with biodegradable but may not explicitly mean that this breakdown occurs through biological organisms.

Thus, "biodegradable" is the most encompassing and accurate term for materials that can be broken down by bacteria or other living organisms.