What term is used to describe a substance capable of triggering an allergic reaction?

The term used to describe a substance capable of triggering an allergic reaction is "allergen." Allergens are typically harmless substances that can provoke an immune response in susceptible individuals, leading to symptoms such as itching, swelling, or respiratory issues. Common examples of allergens include certain foods, pollen, dust mites, and animal dander.

In contrast, a toxin refers to a harmful substance produced by living organisms that can cause illness or injury when ingested or absorbed. A pathogen is any organism, such as bacteria or viruses, that can cause disease. A contaminant, on the other hand, denotes an unwanted or unintended substance that may pose health risks, but isn't specifically linked to allergy-induced immune responses as allergens are. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for managing food allergies and preventing allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.