Which farming method produces food without the use of pesticides, chemicals, and fertilizers?

Organic farming is the correct choice because it emphasizes the use of natural processes and materials to enhance soil fertility and support plant growth. This method relies on practices such as crop rotation, green manures, composting, and biological pest control to manage the ecosystem sustainably. In organic farming, the use of synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, and genetically modified organisms is prohibited, thereby promoting environmental health and reducing chemical exposure in food production.

While sustainable agriculture focuses on long-term agricultural practices that are environmentally friendly and socially responsible, it does not automatically exclude the use of synthetic inputs; the emphasis is more on maintaining the balance and health of the ecosystem over time. Conventional farming, on the other hand, typically relies heavily on chemical inputs for crop production, making it contrary to organic farming principles. Hydroponic farming involves growing plants in nutrient solutions without soil and can utilize either organic or synthetic nutrients, meaning it does not universally align with the principles of organic farming.