Which medical condition is characterized by patches of skin that become rough or inflamed, often causing itching?

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic condition that leads to the development of patches of skin that are rough, inflamed, and often itchy. This condition is particularly common in children, but it can also affect adults. The skin may appear red and may ooze or crust, especially during flare-ups. These patches can occur in various locations on the body and can be triggered by environmental factors, allergens, or stress. The distinction of eczema lies in its persistent and recurring nature, along with its characteristic itchiness which can often worsen during colder months or with exposure to irritants.

In contrast, psoriasis is another skin condition that may cause similar symptoms such as inflammation and scaly patches, but it typically presents with well-defined, thick, silvery scales. Dermatitis is a broader term that encompasses different types of skin inflammation, including eczema, but it does not specify the particular symptoms or characteristics associated with eczema. Alopecia, on the other hand, refers specifically to hair loss and does not involve skin patches. Thus, eczema is the most accurate choice when describing skin patches that are rough or inflamed, accompanied by itching.