Which substance is primarily used to manage diabetes due to its effect on blood sugar levels?

Insulin is the key hormone used to manage diabetes because it plays a critical role in regulating blood sugar levels. When a person consumes food, particularly carbohydrates, the body breaks down these foods into glucose, which enters the bloodstream. Insulin facilitates the uptake of this glucose into the cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for later use. In individuals with diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin (as in Type 1 diabetes) or the cells do not respond properly to insulin (as in Type 2 diabetes), leading to elevated blood sugar levels.

Administering insulin helps lower blood sugar levels effectively and is essential for maintaining proper metabolic function in diabetic patients. This is particularly important for those who are insulin-dependent, as it allows them to manage their condition and prevent complications associated with high blood sugar, such as neuropathy, cardiovascular problems, and other serious health issues.

In contrast, adrenaline is involved in the body's fight-or-flight response and can temporarily raise blood sugar levels. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory medications that can actually increase blood sugar levels, posing issues for individuals managing diabetes. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter primarily involved in mood regulation and does not have a direct role in blood glucose management. Thus, insulin